Arch Linux是一款简洁、现代、实用、以用户为中心的发行版。 Arch Linux 将简洁定义为:避免任何不必要的添加、修改和复杂增加。
Arch Linux 初始安装仅提供命令行环境:用户可以从官方软件仓库成千上万的高质量软件包中进行选择,定制自己的系统。
0x00 选择GPT还是MBR
GUID Partition Table (GPT)是一种更灵活的分区方式。它正在逐步取代Master Boot Record (MBR)系统。GPT相对于诞生于MS-DOS时代的MBR而言,有许多优点。新版的fdisk(MBR)和gdisk(GPT)使得使用GPT或者MBR在可靠性和性能最大化上都非常容易。
在做出选择前,需要考虑如下内容:
- 如果使用 GRUB legacy 作为bootloader,必须使用MBR。
- 如果使用传统的BIOS,并且双启动中包含 Windows (无论是32位版还是64位版),必须使用MBR。
- 如果使用 UEFI 而不是BIOS,并且双启动中包含 Windows 64位版,必须使用GPT。
- 非常老的机器需要使用 MBR,因为 BIOS 可能不支持 GPT.
- 如果不属于上述任何一种情况,可以随意选择使用 GPT 还是 MBR。由于 GPT 更先进,建议选择 GPT。
- 建议在使用 UEFI 的情况下选择 GPT,因为有些 UEFI firmware 不支持从 MBR 启动。
0x01 安装
准备工作
去国内镜像站下载ISO镜像文件,刻录到U盘
启动
关闭计算机,使用U盘启动到Live模式
书写约定:以下以#开头的均为命令
验证能否联网
# ping baidu.com
更新系统时间
# timedatectl set-ntp true
建立硬盘分区
分区方案:根目录+SWAP交换空间+自定义分区
# fdisk -l 查看分区 # fdisk /dev/sda 对sda进行分区 n 新建分区 p 新建主分区 每次分区,一路回车直到Last Sector: +20G,就是分区20G w 执行分区操作 # fdisk -l 确认分区成功
格式化分区
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 格式化为ext4 # mkswap /dev/sda2 格式化交换分区 # swapon /dev/sda2 激活swap分区
挂载分区
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
更换软件源 加速安装
# mv /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak # vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
安装必须的软件包
# pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware
Fstab
用以下命令生成fstab文件 (用-U或-L选项设置UUID 或卷标):
# genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Chroot
# arch-chroot /mnt
设置时区
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 运行hwclock以生成 /etc/adjtime # hwclock -–systohc
本地化
取消对应项的注释,设置成该语言
# nano /etc/locale.gen en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 英文 zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 中文简体 zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8 中文繁体
接着执行 locale-gen 以生成 locale 讯息
# locale-gen # nano /etc/locale.conf LANG=en_US.UTF-8 输入保存
创建hostname文件
# nano /etc/hostname 输入主机名并保存
创建hosts文件
# nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 主机名.localdomain 主机名
配置网络
# pacman -S dhcpcd # systemctl enable dhcpcd
安装intel-ucode
# pacman -S intel-ucode
安装引导程序
# pacman -S grub
# grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
清除软件包缓存
# pacman -Scc
设置Root 密码
# passwd
启动系统
输入 exit 或按 Ctrl+D 退出 chroot 环境
手动卸载被挂载的分区
# umount -R /mnt
# reboot
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