本文由笔者手工翻译自Kali Linux官博
就在前天,Kali Linux 2020.1版本正式发布
我们推出了这十年的第一个正式版本——Kali Linux 2020.1! 现在就可以下载。
以下是关于这个版本新特性的简短总结:
- 默认用户为非root用户
- 独立的Kali安装镜像
- 无需root的Kali NetHunter
- 主题&Kali-undercover的优化
- 新的工具
非Root用户
贯彻Kali Linux的历史(和它的前身BackTrack、WHAX和Whoppix),默认的登陆用户都是root/toor。在2020.1版本中,不会再有,我们不会再使用超级用户作为默认用户。默认用户现在是一个标准的,没有被提升权限的普通用户。
如果想了解这个变化背后的更多原因,请看我们之前发布的博文。正如你所想象的,相比Kali背后的多年历史,这是一个非常大的改变。所以,如果你注意到了其中的问题,请通过bug tracker来让我们知道。
root/toor已经过去,接下来kali/kali将会长存。
将Kali Linux作为主系统来使用
所以有了这个改变, 你应该把Kali Linux作为主系统还是如何使用它,完全取决于你。在此之前,也没有什么能真正阻止你这样做,我们只是不鼓励这样做。我们仍然不鼓励,但是这个改变对于充分了解Kali Linux的人很有帮助。
为什么我们不推荐这样做?因为我们不能够测试那种使用方法,也不想收到随之而来的滔滔不绝的bug报告。如果你有足够的勇气去尝试它,你可能希望从“rolling”分支转战到“kali-last-snapshot”分支来获得更加稳定的体验。
独立的Kali Linux安装镜像
我们认真调查了Kali的使用方式,人们到底下载了什么样的镜像,他们如何去使用它,等等。掌握了这些信息,我们决定去完全重构和简化发布的镜像,以后,我们将会有一个安装镜像、一个live镜像、和一个网络安装镜像。
当降低了安装复杂程度和极限压缩镜像大小地时候,这些改变应该让正确地选择所下载的镜像变得更简单。
我们的安装镜像
- 对于那些想把Kali安装到物理机上的人来讲,我们为默认用户进行了降权
- 附带默认软件包的离线安装方式
- 让安装时选择桌面环境成为可能 (在此之前, XFCE, GNOME, KDE 等等都有一个分离的镜像)
- 在安装时能够选择工具
- 不能启动live模式,这仅仅是一个安装镜像
- 文件名 kali-linux-2020.1-installer<amd|i386>.iso
我们不再为每一个桌面环境提供单独的安装镜像,取而代之的是,我们现在能够在安装的时候选择需要的桌面环境,这意味着,你可以用一个镜像来安装Xfce、GNOME、KDE、MATE 或者 LXDE。
在安装的时候,你可以选择Kali所包含的工具(或者一个也不要),这会给你更多自己做主的权利。我们了解Kali所提供的工具比人们正在使用的要多得多,或者他们有自己的专属工具。现在,他们能够安装不附带任何meta-package的Kali,给他们一个基础的环境,这样,他们可以单独安装所需要的单个工具。
默认镜像包括kali-desktop-xfce和kali-tools-default包,允许进行离线安装,选择非默认的工具需要网络环境。
注意:”Kali-Live”并不被包含在这个镜像里,如果你需要启动live模式,你需要live镜像。
网络安装镜像
- 更小的镜像体积
- 安装时需要网络连接
- 每次安装时,会下载最新的软件包
- 安装时能够选择桌面环境
- 安装时能够选择工具
- 不能启动live模式,这仅仅是一个安装镜像
- 文件名 kali-linux-2020.1-installer-netinst-<amd|i386>.iso
这是一个非常小的镜像,只包含了基础环境部分,但是安装时与标准版相同。只要你启用了网络连接,你能够安装Kali所提供的任何工具。
Live镜像
- 主要在免安装运行Kali时使用
- 但是它也包含一个安装器,像上文描述的网络安装镜像一样
- 文件名 kali-linux-2020.1-live<amd|i386>.iso
Kali-Live没有被遗忘,它只是被移动到了自己的专属镜像。这允许你在免安装时运行Kali或者在U盘中运行它。你也能够从这个镜像来安装系统,只不过需要网络连接(这就是我们推荐使用独立安装镜像的原因)。
或者,你可以生成你自己的镜像,尤其时你想使用自己的桌面环境的时候。这不像听起来那样难!
此处略去ARM镜像和NetHunter部分的翻译
主题
在上次的发布中,我们做出的一个主要改变是从GNOME转变到Xfce。我们不会停滞不前;我们将持续设计工作,我们会有更多的更新:
GNOME 现在有了新的主题和额外的bonus(这个词,笔者实在不知道如何翻译为好),有了Light和Dark主题!
工具 我们为工具更换了你们将会喜欢的新图标!我们正在慢慢地收集,更新它们并添加进去。
菜单 眼光敏锐的用户可能注意到菜单上的图标已经被替换
安装 如果你选择了图形界面安装Kali,同样已经被更新了(前后对比照)
Kali-Undercover
我们没有预料到社区里对kali-undercover的强烈反应。所以从Kali2019.4发布开始,kali-undercover正在越来越像Win10.
新的软件包
Kali Linux是一个滚动发行版,所以更新可用时能够即时更新,不用等待下一个版本发布。自从上一个版本发布开始,我们更新了旧工具,加入了新工具,比如:cloud-enum、emailharvester、phpggc、sherlock、splinter。
我们提供了一些新的(kali-community-wallpapers)和旧的(kali-legacy-wallpapers)壁纸,你可以定制自己的Kali或者变成怀旧风格。
Python2 生命周期的终结
值得一提,Python2在2020年1月1号结束生命周期。这意味着,我们正在移除依赖Python2的工具。为什么?因为它们不再被维护,它们不再接受更新,并且他们需要被代替。渗透测试领域是不停变换的。是时候跟上形势了,我们会尽最大努力去寻找可用的替代方案。
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